For the past 50 years, engineers have been “designing” duct systems. Quite often, they were not actually designing the systems, but were sizing duct the duct according to some rule of thumb. The rules ...

GET IT RIGHT: Duct fitting construction has a large influence on its equivalent length and which air duct calculator setting you choose. The fitting on the left has a much higher equivalent length due ...

The common bile duct is a small, tube-like structure formed where the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct join. Its physiological role is to carry bile from the gallbladder and empty it into the ...