Lactulose, a synthetic disaccharide derived from lactose, is garnering significant attention due to its prebiotic and therapeutic properties. Traditionally produced by alkaline isomerization, recent ...

Membrane transport proteins that transduce free energy stored in electrochemical ion gradients into a concentration gradient are a major class of membrane proteins. We report the crystal structure at ...

Lactose permease (LacY) of Escherichia coli stands as a prototype of the major facilitator superfamily, employing the energy of a proton gradient to mediate the uptake of sugars against their ...