When you think of supercomputers, you probably think of vast air-controlled rooms crammed full of cabinets and illuminated by banks of flashing LEDs. The first Cray supercomputer, for instance, cost ...

A module of the first European exascale-class supercomputer, JUPITER, one of the four most powerful systems in the world, at Forschungszentrum in Jülich, Germany, on Sept. 5, 2025. (Rolf Vennenbernd / ...