Although we generally think of Internet of Things (IoT) and similar devices as things that are scattered around above ground, there are plenty of reasons to also have such devices underground. These ...

Soil moisture measurement is fundamental to understanding hydrological processes, crop water dynamics, and broader environmental monitoring. Recent advancements have driven the development of ...

Plants do not just grow—they signal. From the subtle moisture shifts in soil to the faint electrical rhythms coursing through leaves and stems, botanical sensors are turning greenery into living data ...