Here we summarized the nomenclature of Citrobacter spp., clinical manifestations, epidemiology, pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and treatments from various clinical samples.

Citrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped [2] coliform bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Citrobacter spp. cause opportunistic infections (including urinary tract …

May 19, 2023 · Citrobacter infection is a rare and third most common organism causing urinary tract infection and is highly resistant to many antibiotics. These organisms spread through the hands of …

Citrobacter is considered a commensal bacteria; however, depending on the clinical picture, it is also known to be an opportunistic pathogen. Citrobacter species are found in water, soil, food, and …

Most Citrobacter spp. slowly hydrolyze urea and ferment lactose, producing colonies on MAC agar that resemble those of E. coli. Bacteria of this genus are commensals of the gastrointestinal tract and are …

Jul 18, 2025 · In the complex microbiome of the human gut, Citrobacter, particularly Citrobacter freundii, stands out as a bacterium with significant implications for health and disease.

Sep 8, 2024 · C. freundii, C. amalonaticus and C. koseri (previously known as C. diversus) are the species associated with human infection. C. braakii, a member of the C. freundii complex, is …

CHARACTERISTICS: Citrobacter spp., of the Enterobacteriaceae family, are gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria that appear as rods or coccobacilli at 0.3-1 µm in diameter and 0.6-6 µm long 3.

Dec 5, 2023 · Citrobacter spp. are Gram-negative, non-spore forming, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family often found in soil, sewage, sludge, water, food, and the …

Mar 19, 2024 · Citrobacter spp. are primarily inhabitants of the intestinal and genitourinary tract of mammals and other vertebrates. Their isolation from environmental sources such as water and soil …